This current study aims to investigate the status and prognostic impact of distinct T cell states focusing on proliferating CD8 + T cells including TCF1-expressing tumor-infiltrating CD8 + cells in association with CD163 + and CD163 + PD-L1 + macrophages as well as PD-L1 status in a well-characterized cohort of treatment naïve breast cancer patients encompassing different breast cancer subtypes [27–29]. This evidence concerns the gene CD163 and breast cancer.