TSHR and geroderma osteodysplastica: Teprotomumab is a fully human monoclonal IGF-1R antagonist, and by inhibiting the IGF-1R/TSHR signaling pathway, teprotomumab reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production, hyaluronan secretion, and orbital fibroblast activation in GO patients, and is currently approved for the treatment of GO (34).