VCAM1 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: L-carnitine could significantly reduce the levels of TG, ceramide, and FFA in the heart of DCM mice, increase the expression of CPT1A and GLUT4, reduce the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), inhibit lipid peroxidation, enhance endothelial barrier function, and maintain the microvascular structure of DCM mice.