• Depletion of microglia using CSF-1R inhibitors (followed by microglial repopulation) is associated with reduced neuropathology in mouse models of AD (Hu et al., 2021)• CSF-1R PET tracer (11C-CPPC) showed elevated brain uptake in a mouse model of AD and post-mortem AD brain tissue compared to controls (Horti et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1R and Alzheimer disease.