MMP19 and pulmonary emphysema: Similar to MoAM isolated after acute smoke exposure, MoAM derived from the chronically smoke-exposed mice were characterized by a tissue remodeling associated gene expression profile, with several markers linked to the development of emphysema or to the cleavage of ECM components such as Spp1, Mmp12, Mmp14, Mmp8, Mmp19, Ctsk and Ctss (21, 62–66) (Figure 6D).