[In human islets from type 2 diabetes patients, increased methylation in relation to PDX1 resulted in reduced PDX1 expression (35)] Although reduced pancreatic β-cell mass may be sufficient for glycemic control in early life, the deficiency may only become evident during the extra demands of the mid-teen growth spurt, with a greater stress on males who have been most affected by growth restriction. The gene discussed is PDX1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.