TNF and colorectal carcinoma: To determine the immune-related effects of MSI2 in CRC, we first identified the positive correlations between the expression of MSI2 and immune-related factors in the GSE164191 and GSE14333 CRC datasets, such as TNF, IFNG and IL1B, and further confirmed the results by association analysis in TCGA data from GEPIA (Fig. 1A-B and Fig. S1A).