VEGFA and lung cancer: Radiotherapy has been demonstrated to elevate the levels of IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of individuals with lung cancer (163), while changes in expression of cytokines, such as fractalkine/CX3CL1, granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL-1α, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interferon-inducible protein-10, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, soluble CD40 ligand, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have also been observed during various types of radiotherapy (164), providing further evidence of inflammatory processes following radiotherapy administration.