LAG3 CXCL13 and CXCR5, the chemokine receptor responsible for TIL retention in the TME (54, 55), and IL21, a cytokine recently reported to be involved in Tfh cytotoxicity in neoadjuvant NSCLC immunotherapy (2), were enriched in module 41, demonstrating that neo-PD1-pulsed terminal differentiation of CD4+ T cells is accompanied by enhanced tumor-killing potential. Here, CD4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.