demonstrated that tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (CD8+ Trm cells) serve as clonally expanded TILs (T-E) in response to nivo monotherapy or ipi+nivo combination (2 cycles) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) (9), with hallmark genes ITGAE (CD103) and HOBIT (ZNF683), as well as ICs such as LAG3, CD223 and TIGIT. Here, CD8A is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.