ANPEP and acute kidney injury: These studies suggest that miR-92a-3p in AEC EVs, exosomal miR-30d-5p from PMN, exosomal miR-125b-5p derived from ECs, exosomal APN/CD13, and miR-155 mediated by peripheral circulating EVs represent novel and potential diagnostic biomarkers for sepsis-induced AKI that can contribute to the diagnosis of sepsis and septic shock.