CD4+ T cells have also been reported to play an important role in promoting anti-sporozoite CD8+ T cells responses in the liver during malaria infection13, anti-tumour CD8+ T cell immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)14, and pathogenic CD8+ T cell responses in autoimmune hepatitis and liver transplant rejection15,16. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and hepatocellular carcinoma.