NPPB and heart failure: Although a formal diagnosis of cardiac failure was recorded for 16/241 (6.7%), 108/241 (41.9%) participants (mean age 71 [7] yr; 48% females) had preoperative NT-proBNP ≥100 pg ml−1 (median 339 [25–75th centiles 160–833] pg ml−1; Table 1); 37/241 (15.4%) subjects had NT-proBNP values 400–2000 pg ml−1; and 7/241 (2.9%) subjects had NT-proBNP values >2000 pg ml−1 (Supplementary Fig. S2).