Recently, trials on emerging therapies targeting different pathogenic signaling cascades in MCD and FSGS are evolving (see www.ClinicalTrials.gov for more information), including immunosuppressive acting agents (e.g. anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies), causative directed therapies (e.g. APOL1 antagonists), podocyte specific therapies (e.g. TRPC5/6 channel inhibitors), and agents with antifibrotic/hemodynamic effect (e.g. endothelin antagonists) (Table 3) [66]. This evidence concerns the gene APOL1 and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.