The results showed that overexpression of BCLAF1 increased the expression levels of PD-L1 in HCC cells compared to control group, and knockdown of BCLAF1 exhibited the opposite result; while knockdown of SPOP reversed the down-regulation of the expression levels of PD-L1 induced by knockdown of BCLAF1 (Fig. 6a, Supplemental Fig. 6a). Here, CD274 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.