TNFSF10 and atherosclerosis: Some studies suggested that TRAIL might protect vascular endothelium during the development of arteriosclerosis, whereas others have found that TRAIL could induce apoptosis in human microvascular endothelial cells (Pritzker et al., 2004) and increase the permeability of vascular wall and the penetration of lipids and inflammatory cells (Kavurma et al., 2008), which could accelerate the process of atherosclerosis (Forde et al., 2016).