STAT3 and neoplasm: As HER2/3 phosphorylation leads to tumor progression and resistance, a multifunctional nanoparticle formulation of afatinib and miR-139 targeting EGFR/HER/Ras/Akt/Rac1/STAT3/MAPK/EMT/Bcl-2 pathways has been found to suppress metastasis in CRC cells [133].