TRPV1 and breast carcinoma: For example, in preclinical experiments, the ablation of TRPV1-expressing afferents mediated by capsaicin or RTX blocked the growth of melanoma [57], had no effect on canine osteosarcoma [138], and accelerated the progression of 4T1 breast cancer metastasis to the lung (Figure 6, high-resolution version) [170,171,172].