When we observed the transition to malignant carcinomas in vil-MACC1/APCmin mice, we found by transcriptomics of vil-MACC1/APCmin vs. APCmin mice a tremendous expression of stemness genes, such as Nanog (direct induction) and Oct4 (indirect induction), by MACC1 [4]. Here, MACC1 is linked to carcinoma.