AKT1 and melanoma: To determine whether Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in AKT or ERK signaling, oxidative stress adaption, or apoptosis in melanoma cells after the uptake of endothelial mitochondria, we used brusatol, an Nrf2 inhibitor, and AI-1, an Nrf2 activator, to evaluate the activities of AKT, ERK, ROS, and apoptotic protein caspase-3.