Hence, the current review focuses on the role of biomarkers including NGAL, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 X insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 ([TIMP-2]X[IGFBP7]), KIM-1, and L-FABP in the early detection of AKI, the pathophysiology of AKI, and the molecular pathways involved in the AKI to CKD transition. The gene discussed is IGFBP7; the disease is chronic kidney disease.