MADCAM1 and ulcerative colitis: To test for the direct effect of ethanol and/or butyrate on intestinal microvascular endothelial cell activation, we utilized primary HIMEC monolayers derived from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and without ulcerative colitis (N) and evaluated alterations in MAdCAM-1 mRNA expression via qPCR and MAdCAM-1 and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) protein expression via IHC.