In both streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic (T1D) and db/db genetically modified type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice, durations of DM that were insufficient to cause detectable damage increased expression of NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1, Sod2, Gclc, and other antioxidant defense genes within the retina [7]. Here, GCLC is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.