TGF-β can be activated within the large latent complex (CLL) in various ways, for example, acidification, temperature variations, oxidation, proteolytic cleavage, or through interaction with integrins, which will cause TGF-β to interact with TGF-β receptors (TGF-βR), and the consequent action is to mediate downstream effects [85]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.