The function of ceRNAs has been studied in diseases like RA, where molecules like protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) [158], nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) [159,160], P38 inhibited cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma associated lincRNA (PICSAR) [161], or circular RNA nucleoporin 214 (circNUP214) [162] can modulate miRNA expression. This evidence concerns the gene PTPN22 and rheumatoid arthritis.