TNF and Arthritis: Conversely, the increased expression of miR-26a reduces joint swelling, arthritis score, joint damage, chondrocyte apoptosis, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6), and CTGF protein expression in the murine model of RA [145] and Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 (THP-1) cells [146].