TNF and inflammation: The downregulation of IL-1β, which has strong pro-inflammatory activity and can induce a variety of inflammatory diseases [23]; the pluripotent pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α [24], which is similar to IL-1β and can cause systemic inflammation; and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-22 all confirmed that DPS has anti-inflammatory effects [25,26].