TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: One of the prevailing ways to promote muscle hypertrophy and alleviate muscle atrophy is aerobic exercise, which enhances the protein metabolism balance within skeletal muscles [4], as well as reduces the levels of key inflammatory markers, such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in T2DM [5].