INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: However, a recent meta-analysis of 28 long-term (3–72 weeks) randomized controlled trials examining the effects of pulse intake on glycemic control found that while long-term incorporation of pulses into dietary eating patterns attenuated fasting glucose in normoglycemic adults and lowered fasting glucose in participants with type 2 diabetes, consumption had no significant effect on fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, or HbA1c [8].