However, when assessing the Th1/Th2 ratio, they found a decreased IFN-γ+/IL-4+ balance after supplementation, demonstrating a shift in the CD4+ T-cell cytokine profile from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory one, likely mediated by vitamin D. O’Connell et al. found no difference in IFN-γ + CD4+ T cells, even in people with CIS, after vitamin D supplementation with 5000–10,000 IU/die for 24 weeks [43]. The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is in situ carcinoma.