TNF and neoplasm: Growth factors including TGFβ [12] and TNFα [13], which can be produced by transformed neoplastic cells or by tumor-associated microglia and macrophages [14], are reported to drive proneural-to-mesenchymal transition (PMT) via transcription factors including SMADs, ZEB1, NF-κB, STAT3, C/EBPβ, and TAZ [12, 13, 15, 16].