GDF15 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Even in individuals with pancreatic cancer who tested CA199-negative, blood MIC-1 levels increased; enhanced MIC-1/GDF-15 levels were not related to serum CA199 levels.55,56A meta-analysis including 2826 subjects showed that although the sensitivity of MIC-1/GDF-15 was higher than that of CA199, the rate of missed diagnosis was lower than that of CA199.