INSR and presbycusis: BubR1 insufficiency also results in hippocampal neurogenesis dysfunction, brain development abnormalities [35, 36], cerebral degeneration [37], impaired affective behavior [38], vascular aging and dysfunction [39–41], female infertility [32, 42], impaired liver regeneration after hepatectomy [43], aging-related hearing loss (ARHL) or presbycusis [44], and abnormal Insulin Receptor (IR) in hepatocytes [45, 46].