Over the last 10 years, the development of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) drugs that target cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA-4), programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1), or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have significantly improved outcomes across a number of cancers including melanoma, bladder cancer, lung cancer, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma.1 This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and urinary bladder cancer.