TNF and glaucoma: Mechanical stress induced by increased IOP in glaucoma results in increased EGF receptor expression following astrocyte activation, as well as increased levels of TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), endothelins, and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2), ultimately leading to a neurodegenerative response (Liddelow et al., 2017; Lin et al., 2019).