Interestingly, increased CYP2E1 expression was observed in the PFC of alcoholics and smokers and was associated with ethanol and nicotine dependence (García-Suástegui et al., 2017); in addition, evidence from animal models indicates that CYP2E1 induction exacerbates neurological deficit and increases oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurodegeneration (Yu et al., 2021). The gene discussed is CYP2E1; the disease is nicotine dependence.