ELISAs for galectin-3 autoantibodies demonstrated that seven out of 52 people (13.5%) with IRC were positive, no people with PSC were positive, three out of 14 (21.4%) with CCA were positive, and one healthy control out of 14 (7.1%) was positive for galectin-3 autoantibodies, indicating that anti-galectin-3 autoantibodies are not specific for IRC (Figure 2A). Here, LGALS3 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.