CD177, ARG1, FAM20A, PCOLCE2, SLC51A, MMP9, were identified as most significantly upregulated in both SIRS and Sepsis on Day1, compared with healthy controls, with CD177 and ARG1 consistently higher for both SIRS and Sepsis at this and across all timepoints to discharge. This evidence concerns the gene MMP9 and systemic inflammatory response syndrome.