Interestingly, some of these analytes have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases characterized by cognitive decline, such as multiple sclerosis (MS; IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, MMP-9, S100 proteins, and TWEAK) (18–20) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD; IL-6, IL-10, NGAL, S100 proteins, and TNF-α) (21–23), suggesting that there may be common underlying mechanisms that contribute to CI in these conditions and that these analytes could be useful biomarkers for CI in SLE. Here, MMP9 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.