Overall, our findings are in agreement with a recent cross-sectional study with a smaller sample size (n=72 SLE patients, 26 with CI) that studied the levels of S100A8/A9 in SLE patients with and without NPSLE, where SLE patients with CI had higher serum concentrations when compared with patients without NPSLE (35). Here, IGKV1D-22 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.