In comparison to other glioma subtypes, the GS2 exhibited higher expression levels of IBSP, PLA2G2A, NNMT, CA9, and MMP9, while the GS5 showed higher expression levels of CHI3L1, IGFBP2, EMILIN3, MEOX2, and PDPN. Here, PDPN is linked to central nervous system cancer.