In summary, the CyTOF analysis substantiated that the high expression of UPP1 in tumor cells promoted the shaping an immunosuppressive TME, which was characterized by increased proportions of immunosuppressive Tregs and exhausted CD8 + T cells, along with elevated PD-L1 expression in myeloid cells, enrichment of M2 macrophages, and fibroblast infiltration. This evidence concerns the gene UPP1 and neoplasm.