Finally, the phosphoproteomic analysis was carried out by conducting ex-vivo assays in PBMCs and quantified using xMAP assays on the first 148 patients at baseline as described before [26, 28], showing higher levels of phosphorylated IKBA, JUN, KSGB1, MK03, RS6, STAT3 and STAT6 in MS patients compared to controls (S1 File). Here, JUN is linked to myeloid sarcoma.