GSEA using the “50 Hallmarks” human MSigDB data set (26) identified a strong enrichment of pathways associated with collagen formation (Collagenogenesis and Myogenesis), fibrosis and hypoxia (TGF-β signaling and Hypoxia), and tumor cell death (Apoptosis and Allograft rejection) in MMP14i-treated tumors (Figure 11D). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.