TNFAIP3 suppresses NF-κB activation by binding to linear ubiquitin chains via its zinc finger 7 domain (58, 59), and the SLE susceptibility SNPs of TNPAIP3 induce hypomorphic expression of TNFAIP3, which appears to augment linear ubiquitination signaling. Here, NFKB1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.