SAT1 and escherichia coli infection: In the UTI-2_245U strain, the haemolysin genes were replaced by the sigA gene (encodes cytopathic protease in PAI-harboring Shigella sp., which contributes to intestinal fluid accumulation), and loss of the sat gene (encodes for a secreted proteolytic autotransporter proteins) that induces cell damage during enteroaggregative E. coli infection (Al-Hasani et al., 2001; Vieira et al., 2020).