OCLN and chronic kidney disease: Modern pharmacology indicates that the granules of R. officinale Baill can regulate the intestinal microecology in CKD rats, promoting the restoration of intestinal microecology balance, which mainly involves regulating intestinal flora (increasing the probiotic Bifidobacterium and reducing the pathogenic bacteria Enterobacter and Enterococcus), increasing the expression of tight junction proteins and occludin in the intestinal mucosa, and reducing the levels of GDUTs such as IS and endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (Luo et al., 2020).