MSI1 and cancer: In glioblastoma cells with MSI1 overexpression treated with arsenic trioxide (ATO), MSI1 harbored and phosphorylated protein kinase R (PKR) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2), resulting in activation of the PRK/eLF2 signaling cascade, increased cancer stem cell signature expression, and drug resistance (Chen et al., 2018).