HOXD13 and neoplasm: Expression of anti-CTLA-4 and sPD-1 from NDV should concentrate these therapeutic transgenes in the TME, where they will drain to LNs along with OV-released tumor associated antigens (TAAs) to enhance the activation of tumor-specific T cells while avoiding the toxicities associated with traditional systemic delivery (Fellner, 2012; Spain et al., 2016).