TNF and columnar cell hyperplasia of the breast: High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the cortex and hippocampus of CCH mice induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) have been reported to significantly increase (60).