Prior to transplantation, the patients are already exposed to a uremia-associated chronic proinflammatory environment, which is characterized by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, IL-6, fibroblast growth factor-23, FGF-23), C-reactive protein (CRP), oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and a calcium–phosphate metabolism disorder (4). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is uremia.