CD274 and glioma: Importantly, the results of our in vitro co-culture system demonstrated that IGFBP3 up-regulates PD-L1 to inhibit the activation and promote the apoptosis of Jurkat cells, leading to immunosuppression, which is similar to the previously reported results that TLX [37], ALKBH5 [38] and β-catenin [47] promote immunosuppression and immune escape by facilitating PD-L1 expression in gliomas.