We examined a tissue microarray cohort of 100 patients with CCA using IHC staining, the reulsts indicated that ITGAV was highly expressed in human CCA tissues compared to normal tissues, as evidenced by immunohistochemical staining, data from GEO and TCGA database (Fig. 5C-D and Fig. S5C). This evidence concerns the gene ITGAV and cholangiocarcinoma.